Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) is available in a variety of grades with a wide range of properties to fulfil the many diverse applications of piezoelectricity. Various angles of orientation are available and element sizes are around 1" diameter. In additon, the material has high electric resistivity and a high piezo-electric constant and sensitivity. The material is purely piezoelectric (no pyroelectric discharge) and has excellent high temperature properties up to 970☌, with excellent stability of many physical constants. Gallium Orthophosphate, GaPO 4 is a single crystal material developed in the 1980s primarily for the manufacture and design of high temperature sensors. Because of its Curie temperature of 1150☌ it can be utilised in high temperature applications. Lithium Niobate possess very large piezoelectric coupling coefficients - several times larger than quartz - and very low acoustic losses. It is suitable for applications from 250Khz to 40Mhz. Two compressional cuts are popular, the Z cut and the 36☌ rotated Y-cut. Lithium Niobate possesses a number of useful cuts that are now extensively used in transducer applications. Lithium Niobate possesses a high Curie temperature and excellent piezoelectric coupling coefficient making it attractive for ultrasonic device applications. It is not as efficient as other materials and its extremely high Q may be detrimental in certain applications.Īvailable frequency range is between 50Khz and 100Mhz depending on shape and size. Crystal Quartz is the standard to which other transducer materials are compared. Single Crystal Quartz is often used in research applications due to its high repeatability, superior ageing characteristics and purity of modes. Single-Crystal Quartz can be fabricated to generate compressional, shear, length extensional and torsional waves for use in numerous applications. Soldered wire leads, suitable to the size and frequency of the crystals, are available. Transducers themselves are used in many applications, such as ultrasonic pressure measurement, level sensing, distance sensing, micro-positioning, non-destructive testing of solids and acousto-optical experiments. Transducer crystals are custom made to order from Quartz, Lithium Niobate, Tourmaline, Gallium Orthophosphate or Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT). The Roditi International Corporation Ltd.
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